Replying to @trmarvin's post:
That is one of the sticky wickets! No matter what, it would be a bold move, and as such an implicit positioning of yourself in the market. That could obviously go either way, but since there are wide parts of DH that are all about challenging traditional publishing model, it would serve to stake out a place among DHers, and possibly establish DH cred. But yeah, I understand/remember how bold a move that would be!
To the details of authorship, I'll skip the copyrightability question of data by assuming it falls into the category of data that reflects significant creative work (as opposed to, say, the phone book). So, your copyright would already be implicitly there by publishing it (I think...we're moving into 'I am not a lawyer' territory!). To make it more solid, researching what license to apply to it would be the next step. Creative Commons's page about data might be a start.
That wouldn't prevent someone from downloading the data, but presumably you have a head start on working with it for your research questions. If someone were to abuse the license, you'd still have to react to that, but you'd have the tools in place. But, I tend to be optimistic about scholarly integrity in general, and figure that if someone else does publish some results based on your data, they'll include the citation (maybe even reach out for a collaboration, as DH folks tend to do!). Ideally in that situation, they'll produce results/arguments that don't nullify yours. That actually seems likely to me, given the very different directions, methodologies, etc. that can be used on some data.
So, it is tricky and a little risky. But, if the mission is to have CV lines that say "Digital Humanist", doing the research to decide on a license and posting the data up would put you deep in some of the important conversations going on in DH, just by adding a CV line that's a link to the dataset.
Hope that helps
